NCERT Biology

Flower structure, pollination, fertilisation, seed development.

Male and female reproductive systems, gametogenesis, fertilisation.

Population control, contraceptives, STIs, MTP.

Mendel's laws, dominance, sex determination, chromosomal disorders.

DNA structure, replication, transcription, translation, gene regulation.

Origin of life, Darwin's theory, evidence and speciation.

Immunity, vaccines, allergies, cancer, drugs and alcohol.

Plant breeding, tissue culture, animal husbandry.

Microbes in food, biogas, sewage, biocontrol.

Recombinant DNA, cloning, PCR, electrophoresis.

GM organisms, biopharmaceuticals, gene therapy, bioethics.

Ecology, population attributes, growth, interactions.

Productivity, decomposition, energy flow, ecological pyramids.

Types of biodiversity, hotspots, threats, in-situ and ex-situ.