NCERT Biology

What is living, taxonomy, systematic and binomial nomenclature.

Five kingdom classification, Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia.

Algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms.

Basis of classification, different phyla and their characteristics.

Root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, seed — structure and modification.

Tissue systems, anatomy of root, stem, and leaf.

Tissues, organs of earthworm, cockroach and frog.

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell, cell organelles.

Chemical constituents of cell — carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids.

Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance.

Means of transport, water potential, transpiration, phloem loading.

Essential mineral elements, mechanism of absorption, nitrogen cycle.

Light reactions, Calvin cycle, photorespiration, C4 pathway.

Glycolysis, fermentation, aerobic respiration, energy relations.

Growth regulators, seed germination, dormancy, vernalisation.

Human alimentary canal, digestion, absorption and assimilation.

Respiratory organs, mechanism of breathing, transport of gases.

Blood, lymph, human circulatory system, ECG, disorders.

Modes of excretion, human excretory system, kidney function.

Types of movement, skeletal system, muscle contraction, disorders.

Neuron, reflex arc, human brain, sensory organs.